Jack E. Henningfield, PhD, Associate Professor of Behavioral Biology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Neal L. Benowitz, MD, Chief of the Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics at the University of California at San Francisco, in an Aug. 2, 1994 New York Times article titled "Is Nicotine Addictive? It Depends on Whose Criteria You Use," and Daniel M. Perrine, Phd, Associate Professor of Chemistry at Loyola College in Maryland, in his 1996 book The Chemistry of Mind-Altering Drugs: History, Pharmacology, and Cultural Context, ranked the addictiveness of six drugs, with 1 being the most addictive, as shown in the chart below:
Jack E. Henningfield, PhD                      Neal L. Benowitz, MD                     Daniel M. Perrine, PhD
1. Heroin                                                        Heroin                                                            Nicotine
2. Alcohol                                                                                   Cocaine                                                         Alcohol
3. Cocaine                                                                                  Alcohol                                                           Heroin
4. Nicotine                                                    Nicotine                                        Cocaine (Nasal)
5. Marijuana / Caffeine                                   Caffeine                                              Caffeine
6. --                                                           Marijuana                                             Marijuana
Take Note:
Marijuana is the last on every single doctor's list!
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